LASIK surgical equipment

When the eyes are affected by refractive errors such as hyperopia, myopia, or astigmatism, corrective lenses become essential for achieving clear vision. Until not long ago, life without glasses seemed like an unattainable dream for such individuals. However, advances in ophthalmic technology and the integration of laser systems have turned that dream into reality. Today, the correction of refractive errors and freedom from glasses is not only possible but widely accessible. With the increasing use of lasers in refractive procedures, these surgeries are collectively known as LASIK.

In essence, LASIK surgery enables patients with hyperopia, myopia, or astigmatism to become independent of eyeglasses. Based on preoperative examinations and diagnostic tests, the surgeon reshapes the cornea using a laser to properly focus light onto the retina—this being the fundamental principle of laser vision correction. After the procedure, the refractive error is corrected, allowing the patient to achieve functional vision without the need for glasses.

LASIK is currently regarded as one of the most common, precise, and safe refractive surgeries. It is a two-step procedure performed on the cornea. Initially, a thin flap is created in the corneal surface. While microkeratome blades were traditionally used to create this flap, modern advancements now allow for the use of femtosecond lasers, significantly increasing both the precision and safety of the procedure. The combination of femtosecond laser and excimer laser has led to the development of a newer technique known as Femto-LASIK, which is now one of the most popular and effective methods for refractive surgery.

General Criteria for Undergoing LASIK Eye Surgery

If you are a candidate for refractive surgery—including PRK (photorefractive keratectomy), LASEK, Femto-LASIK, or Femto-SMILE—please note the following prerequisites:

• Adequate corneal thickness

• Absence of uncontrolled diabetes

• No history of connective tissue disorders

• No history of herpetic keratitis

• No intraocular inflammation

• No history of glaucoma or cataract

• Not currently using medications such as isotretinoin (e.g., Roaccutane)

• Realistic expectations regarding the surgical outcomes

Which Type of LASIK is Best?

The optimal type of LASIK surgery varies based on each patient's ocular and systemic condition. These considerations are evaluated through preoperative examinations and imaging. Based on the results, the ophthalmologist will determine the most suitable procedure. Additionally, your surgeon will review these points and any other relevant information prior to surgery.

General Preoperative Instructions

• Clean your eyelids and lashes the night before surgery

• Avoid applying makeup for at least 48 hours prior

• Wear light, comfortable clothing on the day of the procedure

• Refrain from using perfumes or colognes on the day of surgery

• Discontinue contact lens use at least 48 hours before the procedure

• If anxious, consider taking a mild sedative as advised

Benefits and Risks of Refractive Surgeries

PRK / LASEK Surgery

• Approximately 40% of patients undergo this method, especially those with thin corneas, martial artists, or individuals with myopia and astigmatism

• Postoperative discomfort and recovery: Some patients may experience notable pain for 3–5 days

• Visual recovery: Full visual acuity may take several months

• Risk of infection: Very low, but if present, it usually appears within the first 3–4 days

• Risk of flap displacement: Unlike LASIK, PRK does not involve a corneal flap, so this risk is eliminated

• Return to daily activities: For visually demanding jobs (e.g., surgeons, bank staff, accountants), 3–5 days off may be required; full recovery may take 1–2 weeks

Intraoperative Guidelines for LASIK Procedures

• Femto-LASIK, PRK (LASEK), and Femto-SMILE are fast and precise due to the use of laser technology and are performed painlessly under the care of expert ophthalmic teams such as at Noor Eye Hospital

• Your cooperation during surgery is vital—remain calm and follow the surgeon's instructions carefully

• Topical anesthetic drops are used to numb the eyes; patients remain awake and responsive during surgery

• During the procedure, focus on the blinking red or green fixation light, and avoid moving your eyes or head

• Laser exposure typically lasts under a minute, usually around 10 seconds. Do not move your eyes while the femtosecond laser is active

• Don't worry about blinking—an eyelid speculum will keep the eyes open. Avoid squeezing the eyelids or frowning

• Keep your hands away from the surgical field to maintain sterility

Essential Postoperative Care After LASIK

• Attend a follow-up examination the day after surgery and follow the prescribed medications based on the findings

• Undergo regular check-ups during the first six months post-surgery, as advised

• Resume light daily activities if no significant discomfort is present and safety precautions are followed

• Avoid driving for at least one week

• Swimming is prohibited for at least 3 weeks

• Avoid using contact lenses (including cosmetic ones) for at least 3 months

• Refrain from contact sports such as boxing, football, karate, etc., for at least 10 weeks

• Do not rub or scratch your eyes during the early postoperative period

• Avoid applying lotions, creams, or makeup around the eyes for at least 3 days or until your ophthalmologist advises otherwise

• Be aware that visual fluctuations may occur in the first few months post-surgery. Visual stabilization may take 3–6 months. During this time, symptoms such as glare, night driving difficulties, or halos around lights may be experienced

• Follow your ophthalmologist’s personalized instructions, as timelines and recommendations may vary depending on individual healing responses